Koi or more specifically nishikigoi are colored varieties of the Amur carp that are kept for decorative purposes in outdoor koi ponds or water gardens.
For good Koi care and tips in Dutch, visit the website of Maja Koi.
The ornamental carp known today for their vivid colors trace their roots to the early 19th century in Niigata, Japan. Rice farmers in this mountainous region began noticing carp with unusual color mutations in their ponds. Through careful selection and breeding, these fish gradually developed into the elegant varieties now admired around the world. Over time, they became a symbol of prosperity, endurance, and harmony in Japanese culture.
Koi Diversity and Characteristics
There are many distinct types of these decorative fish, each recognized by unique combinations of color, pattern, and scale texture. The primary hues include white, black, red, orange, yellow, blue, brown, and cream. Breeders pay close attention to the balance of these tones and the flow of patterns across the body—details that can make each specimen appear like a living painting.
The Gosanke Group
Among all varieties, the Gosanke classification is the most prestigious. It includes three iconic forms:
- Kōhaku, with a pure white base and deep red markings.
- Taishō Sanshoku (often called Sanke), featuring white skin accented with red and black patches.
- Shōwa Sanshoku (Shōwa), primarily black with bold white and red overlays.
These three have become the benchmark for excellence, admired for their clarity of pattern and contrast of color.
Koi Symbolism and Cultural Meaning
Beyond their visual beauty, these fish carry rich symbolic value. Japanese legends tell of a carp that swam upstream and transformed into a dragon, representing courage, perseverance, and transformation. Because of this story, they are often associated with personal growth and success against adversity.
A Global Passion
What began as a local practice in rural Japan has grown into an international pursuit. Enthusiasts across the world now raise, exhibit, and trade these aquatic jewels. Competitions judge them by balance, symmetry, and the brilliance of their coloring—a continuing blend of nature, artistry, and tradition that has captivated admirers for generations.